Required Reading: 

• PACKET READING #1 : Graham Connah, "An Optimal zone: The West African savanna," pp. 97-120 in African Civilizations Precolonial Cities and States in Tropical Africa: an Archaeological Perspective, 1987. 
• PACKET READING#2 : Roland Oliver and Anthony Atmore, "Western West Africa," pp. 75-91. in The African Middle Ages 1400-1800, 1981.
• RESERVE READING#4 : Adu Boahen, J.F.A. Ajayi, and Michael Tidy, Topics in West African History, 2nd ed., 1986, pp. 1-53. [Reserve]

Required Readings: 

• RESERVE READING #5: B.G. Martin, "Spread of Islam," pp. 87-102, in Phyllis Martin and Patrick O'Meara (eds.), Africa, 1987. [Reserve]
• RESERVE READING#6: Ross E. Dunn, The Adventures of Ibn Battuta: A Muslim Traveler of the 14th Century, Chapter 13: "Mali," pp. 290-309.
• Maryse Condé, Segu, Ballantine Books, 1988, Part I & II [Bookstore]
• Djibil Tamsir Niane Sunidata: An Epic of Old Mali, Translated by G.D. Pickett, (Longman Group Ltd, 1986). [Bookstore]

Required Reading: 

• PACKET READING#3 : Graham Connah, "Brilliance beneath the trees: the West African forest and its fringes," pp. 121-149 in African Civilizations Precolonial Cities and States in Tropical Africa: an Archaeological Perspective, 1987. 
• PACKET READING#4: Roland Oliver and Anthony Atmore, "Eastern West Africa, " pp. 92-106. in The African Middle Ages 1400-1800, 1981.

Required Readings: 

• TEXT: Thornton, Chapters 1-2, pp. 13-71; Chapters 3 & 4, pp. 72-125

Required Readings: 

• TEXT: Thornton, Chapters 5-6, pp. 129-182

• TEXT: Thornton, John, Chapter 10, pp. 272-303.

PACKET READING#8: Joao José Reis and P.F. de Moraes Farias, "Islam and Slave Resistance in Bahia, Brazil," Islam et Sociétés au Sud de Sahara, No. 3, May 1989:41-66. 

Required Readings: 

• TEXT:  Thornton, John, Chapters 7-9, pp. 183-271.
• PACKET READING#9: Joseph A. Opala, "The Gullah" printed by USIA in Sierra Leone.
• Jane Landers, Fort Mose, St. Augustine Historical Society, 1992, 34 pages. [Bookstore]

READING#10 : José Jorge de Carvalho, "Music of African Origin in Brazil," pp. 227-248 in Africa in Latin America: Essays on History, Culture, and Socialization, 1984.

Required Readings: 

• A. Adu Boahen, African Perspectives on Colonialism, 1987, [Book store]
• Maryse Condé, Ségu, Ballantine Books, 1988, Parts III-V

Required Readings: 

• PACKET READING #10: G .E. Saigbe Boley, Liberia: The Rise and Fall of the First Republic, 1983, pp. 1-16.
• PACKET READING#11: A Land and Life Remembered: Americo-Liberian Fold Architecture, Photographs by Max Belcher, Text by Svend E. Holsoe and Bernard L. Herman, Afterword by Rodger P. Kingston, 1988, pp. 1-28.

Presentation on the Marcus Garvey Movement, UNIA

Required Readings: 

• PACKET READING #12: Malcolm X, Autobiography of Malcolm X, pp. 152-171, 322-347. 

Required Readings: 

• RESERVE READING #11: Required Reading: J.F. Ade Ajayi, "The Return of the Exiles," pp. 25-51, in Christian Missions in Nigeria 1841-1891: The Making of a New Elite, 1965.
• PACKET READING #15: Kwame Nkrumah, Ghana: The Autobiography of Kwame Nkrumah, 1957, pp. 26-64. 
• RESERVE READING #10: James Coleman, Nigeria: Background to Nationalism, 1965, pp. 183-196. 
• PACKET READING #16: John Collins, "Section Two: Feedback" sub-sections 1-3, pp. 73-93, in African Pop Roots: The Inside Rhythms of Africa, 1985. 

• J.F.A. Ajayi and Michael Crowder, History of West Africa, Two Volumes. London: Longman Group, 1971.
• Basil Davidson, A History of West Africa, New York: Doubleday, 1966.
• Robert O. Collins, Western African History, New York: Markus Wiener Publishing, 1990.
• Molefi Kete Asante and Kariamu Welsh Asante, African Culture: The Rhythms of Unity, 1990. 

• Patricia and Fredrick McKissack, The Royal Kingdoms of Ghana, Mali, and Songhay: Life in Medieval Africa, New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1994. 
• Elias Saad, Social History of Timbuktu: The Role of Muslim Scholars and Notables, 1400-1900 
• Carleton T. Hodge, ed. Papers on the Manding 
• Yves Person, "Samory and Resistance to the French," pp. 80-111 in Protest and Power in Black Africa, Robert I Rotberg and Ali A. Ma, eds. 1970. 
• George E. Brooks, Landlords and Strangers: Ecology, Society, and Trade in Western Africa, 1000-1630, Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1993. 
• Paul Stoller and Cheryl Olkes, In Sorcery's Shadow: A Memoir of Apprenticeship Among the Songhay of Niger, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987. 
• Mary F. Smith, Baba of Karo: A woman of the Muslim Hausa, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1954.

• T. Edward Bowdich, Mission from Cape Coast to Ashantee, Reprint of the 1824 edition. London: Frank Cass, 1966.
• Ivor Wilkes, "Aspects of Bureaucratization in Ashanti in the Nineteenth Century," Journal of African History, VII, 2, (1966), pp. 215-232. 
• Claire C. Robertson, Sharing the Same Bowl: A Socioeconimc History of Women and Class in Accra, Ghana, Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 1984.

• Cruise O'Brien and Coulon, Charisma and Brotherhood.
• N. Levtzion and Voll, Eighteenth Century Renewal and Reform. 
• David Robinson, The Holy War of Umar Tal. 
• John Ralph Willis, Cultivators of Islam and In the Path of Allah: The Passion of Al Hajj Umar. 
• Mervyn Hiskett, The Development of Islam in West Africa, London: Longman Group, 1984. 
• Louis Brenner, Muslim Identity and Social Change in Sub-Saharan Africa, Bloomington, IN: University of Indiana Press.

• Philip Curtin, Africa Remembered: Narratives by West Africans from the Era of the Slave Trade, 1968. 
• Arna Bontemps, Great Slave Narratives, Boston: Beacon Press, 1969. 
• Philip Curtin, The Atlantic Slave Trade: A Census, 1969. 
• David Brion Davis, The Problem of Slavery in Western Culture. 
• Orlando Patterson, Slavery and Social Death. UNESCO History of Africa, Volumes 7 & 8. 
• Michael Crowder, West Africa under Colonial Rule, 1968. 
• James D. Tracy, The Rise of Merchant Empires: Long-Distance Trade in the Early Modern World 1350-1750, 1990. 
• William B. Cohen, The French Encounter with Africans: White Response to Blacks 1530-1880, 1980. 
• Thomas Pakenham, The Scramble for Africa: White Man's Conquest of the Dark Continent from 1876-1912, 1991. 
• John Hargreaves, Decolonization in Africa. 

• Richard Price, Maroon Societies

• Eugene D. Genovese, Roll Jordan, Roll: The World the Slaves Made, New York: Vintage Press, 1976. 
• Joseph Holloway, Africanisms in American Culture, 1990. 
• Mary A. Twining and Edith E. Baird, Sea Island Roots: African Presence in the Carolinas and Georgia, 1991. 
• Ira Berlin, Slaves without Masters: The Free Negro in the Antebellum South 
• Bill McAdoo, Pre-Civil War Black Nationalism. 
• Adelaide Cromwell Hill and Martin Kilson, Apropos of Africa: Sentiments of Negro American Leaders on Africa from the 1800's to the 1950's. 
• Jean Parker Waterbury, The Oldest City: St. Augustine Saga of Survival, St. Augustine Historical Society, 1983.

• Carl Degler, Neither Black nor White: Slavery and Race Relations in Brazil and the United States 
• Sidney Mintz and Richard Price, The Birth of African-American Culture: An Anthropological Perspective, 1976 
• Sidney Mintz, Sweetness and Power 
• F. Knight, The Caribbean 
• Sidney Mintz and Richard Price, An Anthropological Approach to the Afro-American past: A Caribbean Perspective 
• Harold Courlander, The Drum and the Hoe [Haiti] 
• Robert Stevenson, "The Afro-American Musical Legacy to 1800," pp 475-502 in The Musical Quarterly, vol. 54, no. 4, Oct. 1968

• C. Eric Lincoln, Black Muslims in America, 1961 
• Earle H. Augh, et al, The Muslim Community in North America, 1983 
• Clifton Marsh, From Black Muslims to Muslims, 1984. 
• Bernard Lewis, Race and Slavery in Islam

• Tom Shick, Behold the Promise Land 

• Edwin S. Redkey, Black Exodus: Black Nationalist and Back-to-Africa Movements, 1890-1910 
• Ibrahim Sundiata, Black Scandal

• Joseph Harris, Global Dimensions of the African Diaspora 
• J. Ayodele Langley, Pan-Africanism and Nationalism in West Africa 
• Imanuel Geiss, The Pan-African Movement 
• Bernard Magubane, The Ties that Bind: African-American Consciousness of Africa 
• E.D. Cronon, Black Moses 
• Robert G. Wiesbord, Ebony Kinship: Africa, Africans and the Afro-American, 1973

• Manuel Morneo Fraginals, Africa in Latin America: Essays on History, Culture, and Socialization, 1984. 

• Mary Kingsley, Travels in West Africa, 1976. 
• Paul Edwards, Equiano's Travels, 1967.